사용자:Aspere/번역:팔레스타인 위임통치령 (1922년)

위임통치령 팔레스타인, 1922년 7월 24일

국제연맹 총회:

주요 연합국은, 스스로 정할 수 있는 범위에서, 과거에 튀르크 제국에 속했던, 팔레스타인 영토의 통치를 앞서 언급한 국가가 선택한 위임통치령에게 맡기기 위한, 국제연맹 규약 제22조를 실현하기 위한 준비를 위한다고 동의한 바 있으며,

주요 연합국은, 위임통치령에게 브리튼 국왕 폐하의 정부에 의하고 앞서 언급한 국가가 도입한, 팔레스타인 내 유대인을 위한 조국을 설립하는 것을 지지하는 1917년 11월 2일 이루어진 기존의 선언을 실현하기 위한 책임이 있다고 동의한 바 있으므로, 기존부터 팔레스타인에 존재하는 비유대인 공동체의 시민권 및 종교권이나, 다른 국가에서 유대인이 누리는 권리와 정치적 지위에 악영향을 끼칠 수 있는 어떠한 행동도 취해져서는 안 된다고 분명히 이해되고 있으며,

유대인과 팔레스타인의 역사적 연관성과, 그 국가 내에서 그들의 조국을 재건하는 근거가 인정된 바 있으며,

주요 연합국이 브리튼 국왕 폐하를 팔레스타인의 위임통치자로 선정한 바 있으며,

팔레스타인에 대한 위임통치령이 다음의 조건으로써 제정되어 승인을 위해 국제연맹 총회에 제출된 바 있으며,

브리튼 국왕 폐하가 팔레스타인에 대한 이 위임통치령을 수락하고 다음 조항에 따라 국제연맹을 대표하여 위임통치를 수행하기로 수락한 바 있으며,

앞서 언급한 제22조(8항)에 따라, 연맹 회원국이 기존에 동의하지 않은, 위임통치령의 권한, 통제, 통치 행사는 국제연맹 총회에서 명시적으로 규정해야 하며,

해당 위임통치령을 확인함에 따라, 조항을 다음과 같이 정의한다:

제1조.

위임통치령은 입법 및 행정의 모든 권력을 가지나, 이 위임통치령의 조건에 따라 제한될 수 있다.

제2조.

위임통치령은 국가를, 전문에 명시된 유대인의 조국의 설립과, 자치 기구의 발전과, 인종 및 종교와 무관하게 모든 팔레스타인 거주민의 시민권 및 종교권을 보호할 수 있는, 정치적, 통치적, 경제적 상황으로 만들 책임을 진다.

제3조.

위임통치령은, 상황이 허락하는 한, 지방 자치를 장려해야 한다.

제4조.

적절한 유대인 기구를 팔레스타인 행정부의 경제적, 사회적, 또는 유대인의 조국 설립과 팔레스타인 내 유대인 인구의 이익에 영향을 줄 수 있는 문제에 대한 조언 및 협력 기구로서 지정하여야 하며, 이 기구는 항상 국가의 발전을 돕고 참여하기 위해 항상 행정부의 통제 하에 놓여야 한다.

시온주의 단체는, 그 조직과 규약에 대해 행정부가 적절하다는 의견을 내놓는 한, 이러한 기구로 인정되여야 한다. 이 기구는 유대인의 조국 설립을 돕고자 하는 모든 유대인의 협력을 확보하기 위해 브리튼 국왕 폐하의 정부의 자문 절차를 밟아야 한다.

제5조.

위임통치령은 어떠한 팔레스타인 영토라도 양도, 대여, 또는 어떠한 방법으로라도 외국 정부의 통제 하에 놓이지 않게끔 할 책임을 진다.

제6조.

팔레스타인 행정부는, 다른 인구의 권리와 지위가 불공정하지 않게끔 보장하는 가운데, 유대인의 이민을 촉진하고, 제4조에서 언급한 유대인 기구와 협력하여, 공공 목적상 필요하지 않은 국유지와 황무지로의 유대인 정착을 장려해야 한다.

제7조.

팔레스타인 행정부는 국적법을 제정할 책임을 진다. 이 법의 조항은 팔레스타인에 영주하는 유대인의 팔레스타인 국적 취득이 용이하게끔 해야 한다.

Article 8.

The privileges and immunities of foreigners, including the benefits of consular jurisdiction and protection as formerly enjoyed by Capitulation or usage in the Ottoman Empire, shall not be applicable in Palestine.
Unless the Powers whose nationals enjoyed the afore-mentioned privileges and immunities on August 1st, 1914, shall have previously renounced the right to their re-establishment, or shall have agreed to their non-application for a specified period, these privileges and immunities shall, at the expiration of the mandate, be immediately reestablished in their entirety or with such modifications as may have been agreed upon between the Powers concerned.

Article 9.

The Mandatory shall be responsible for seeing that the judicial system established in Palestine shall assure to foreigners, as well as to natives, a complete guarantee of their rights.

Respect for the personal status of the various peoples and communities and for their religious interests shall be fully guaranteed. In particular, the control and administration of Wakfs shall be exercised in accordance with religious law and the dispositions of the founders.

Article 10.

Pending the making of special extradition agreements relating to Palestine, the extradition treaties in force between the Mandatory and other foreign Powers shall apply to Palestine.

Article 11.

The Administration of Palestine shall take all necessary measures to safeguard the interests of the community in connection with the development of the country, and, subject to any international obligations accepted by the Mandatory, shall have full power to provide for public ownership or control of any of the natural resources of the country or of the public works, services and utilities established or to be established therein. It shall introduce a land system appropriate to the needs of the country, having regard, among other things, to the desirability of promoting the close settlement and intensive cultivation of the land.

The Administration may arrange with the Jewish agency mentioned in Article 4 to construct or operate, upon fair and equitable terms, any public works, services and utilities, and to develop any of the natural resources of the country, in so far as these matters are not directly undertaken by the Administration. Any such arrangements shall provide that no profits distributed by such agency, directly or indirectly, shall exceed a reasonable rate of interest on the capital, and any further profits shall be utilised by it for the benefit of the country in a manner approved by the Administration.

Article 12.

The Mandatory shall be entrusted with the control of the foreign relations of Palestine and the right to issue exequaturs to consuls appointed by foreign Powers. He shall also be entitled to afford diplomatic and consular protection to citizens of Palestine when outside its territorial limits.

Article 13.

All responsibility in connection with the Holy Places and religious buildings or sites in Palestine, including that of preserving existing rights and of securing free access to the Holy Places, religious buildings and sites and the free exercise of worship, while ensuring the requirements of public order and decorum, is assumed by the Mandatory, who shall be responsible solely to the League of Nations in all matters connected herewith, provided that nothing in this article shall prevent the Mandatory from entering into such arrangements as he may deem reasonable with the Administration for the purpose of carrying the provisions of this article into effect; and provided also that nothing in this mandate shall be construed as conferring upon the Mandatory authority to interfere with the fabric or the management of purely Moslem sacred shrines, the immunities of which are guaranteed.

Article 14.

A special commission shall be appointed by the Mandatory to study, define and determine the rights and claims in connection with the Holy Places and the rights and claims relating to the different religious communities in Palestine. The method of nomination, the composition and the functions of this Commission shall be submitted to the Council of the League for its approval, and the Commission shall not be appointed or enter upon its functions without the approval of the Council.

Article 15.

The Mandatory shall see that complete freedom of conscience and the free exercise of all forms of worship, subject only to the maintenance of public order and morals, are ensured to all. No discrimination of any kind shall be made between the inhabitants of Palestine on the ground of race, religion or language. No person shall be excluded from Palestine on the sole ground of his religious belief.

The right of each community to maintain its own schools for the education of its own members in its own language, while conforming to such educational requirements of a general nature as the Administration may impose, shall not be denied or impaired.

Article 16.

The Mandatory shall be responsible for exercising such supervision over religious or eleemosynary bodies of all faiths in Palestine as may be required for the maintenance of public order and good government. Subject to such supervision, no measures shall be taken in Palestine to obstruct or interfere with the enterprise of such bodies or to discriminate against any representative or member of them on the ground of his religion or nationality.

Article 17.

The Administration of Palestine may organise on a voluntary basis the forces necessary for the preservation of peace and order, and also for the defence of the country, subject, however, to the supervision of the Mandatory, but shall not use them for purposes other than those above specified save with the consent of the Mandatory. Except for such purposes, no military, naval or air forces shall be raised or maintained by the Administration of Palestine.

Nothing in this article shall preclude the Administration of Palestine from contributing to the cost of the maintenance of the forces of the Mandatory in Palestine.

The Mandatory shall be entitled at all times to use the roads, railways and ports of Palestine for the movement of armed forces and the carriage of fuel and supplies.

Article 18.

The Mandatory shall see that there is no discrimination in Palestine against the nationals of any State Member of the League of Nations (including companies incorporated under its laws) as compared with those of the Mandatory or of any foreign State in matters concerning taxation, commerce or navigation, the exercise of industries or professions, or in the treatment of merchant vessels or civil aircraft. Similarly, there shall be no discrimination in Palestine against goods originating in or destined for any of the said States, and there shall be freedom of transit under equitable conditions across the mandated area.

Subject as aforesaid and to the other provisions of this mandate, the Administration of Palestine may, on the advice of the Mandatory, impose such taxes and customs duties as it may consider necessary, and take such steps as it may think best to promote the development of the natural resources of the country and to safeguard the interests of the population. It may also, on the advice of the Mandatory, conclude a special customs agreement with any State the territory of which in 1914 was wholly included in Asiatic Turkey or Arabia.

Article 19.

The Mandatory shall adhere on behalf of the Administration of Palestine to any general international conventions already existing, or which may be concluded hereafter with the approval of the League of Nations, respecting the slave traffic, the traffic in arms and ammunition, or the traffic in drugs, or relating to commercial equality, freedom of transit and navigation, aerial navigation and postal, telegraphic and wireless communication or literary, artistic or industrial property.

Article 20.

The Mandatory shall co-operate on behalf of the Administration of Palestine, so far as religious, social and other conditions may permit, in the execution of any common policy adopted by the League of Nations for preventing and combating disease, including diseases of plants and animals.

Article 21.

The Mandatory shall secure the enactment within twelve months from this date, and shall ensure the execution of a Law of Antiquities based on the following rules. This law shall ensure equality of treatment in the matter of excavations and archaeological research to the nationals of all States Members of the League of Nations. (1) "Antiquity" means any construction or any product of human activity earlier than the year 1700 A. D.
(2) The law for the protection of antiquities shall proceed by encouragement rather than by threat.
Any person who, having discovered an antiquity without being furnished with the authorization referred to in paragraph 5, reports the same to an official of the competent Department, shall be rewarded according to the value of the discovery.
(3) No antiquity may be disposed of except to the competent Department, unless this Department renounces the acquisition of any such antiquity.
No antiquity may leave the country without an export licence from the said Department.
(4) Any person who maliciously or negligently destroys or damages an antiquity shall be liable to a penalty to be fixed.
(5) No clearing of ground or digging with the object of finding antiquities shall be permitted, under penalty of fine, except to persons authorised by the competent Department.
(6) Equitable terms shall be fixed for expropriation, temporary or permanent, of lands which might be of historical or archaeological interest.
(7) Authorization to excavate shall only be granted to persons who show sufficient guarantees of archaeological experience. The Administration of Palestine shall not, in granting these authorizations, act in such a way as to exclude scholars of any nation without good grounds.
(8) The proceeds of excavations may be divided between the excavator and the competent Department in a proportion fixed by that Department. If division seems impossible for scientific reasons, the excavator shall receive a fair indemnity in lieu of a part of the find.

제22조.

팔레스타인의 공식 언어는 영어, 아랍어, 히브리어로 해야 한다. 팔레스타인 내에서 도장 또는 화폐에 아랍어로 적힌 문구나 명문은 히브리어로, 히브리어로 적힌 문구나 명문은 아랍어로 반복되어야 한다.

제23조.

팔레스타인 행정부는 팔레스타인 내의 각 공동체별 성일을 해당 공동체 구성원의 공휴일로 인정해야 한다.

Article 24.

The Mandatory shall make to the Council of the League of Nations an annual report to the satisfaction of the Council as to the measures taken during the year to carry out the provisions of the mandate. Copies of all laws and regulations promulgated or issued during the year shall be communicated with the report.

제25조.

최종적으로 결정된 바와 같이 요르단과 팔레스타인의 동쪽 경계 사이에 있는 영토에서, 위임통치령은, 국제연맹 총회의 동의 하에, 기존의 지역 환경에 부적합하다고 생각되는 조항의 적용을 연기 또는 보류하고, 제15항, 제16항, 제18항과 모순되는 조치를 취하지 않는다는 전제 하에, 이러한 환경에 적합하다고 생각되는 조항을 제정할 권리를 가져야 한다.

제26조.

위임통치령은, 이 위임통치령의 해석 또는 적용과 관련하여 위임통치령과 다른 국제연맹 회원국 간 어떠한 분쟁이 일어날 경우, 이러한 분쟁을, 협상으로 해결할 수 없을 경우, 국제연맹 규약 제14조에 따른 상설국제법원에 상정할 것에 동의한다.

제27조.

이 위임통치령의 어떠한 조항을 변경하기 위해서는 국제연맹 총회의 동의가 필요하다.

제28조.

위임통치령에 따라 부여된 위임통치가 종료되는 경우, 국제연맹 총회는, 연맹의 보장 하에, 제13조와 제14조에 따라 부여된 권리를 영원히 보장하기 위해 필요하다고 생각되는 협정을 만들어야 하며, 공무원의 연금이나 퇴직금의 권리 등, 위임통치 기간 중 팔레스타인 행정부 기간 중 발생한 경제적 책임을, 팔레스타인의 정부가 완전히 준수하게끔, 연맹의 보증 하에, 연맹의 영향력을 사용하여야 한다.

본 문서의 원본은 국제연맹 기록 보관소에 원본을 보관하며, 인증받은 사본은 국제연맹 사무총장에 의해 연맹의 모든 회원국에게 전달된다.

런던에서 천구백이십이년, 칠월의 스물네번째 날에 완료함.

트란스요르단 각서, 1922년 9월 16일

제네바,

1922년 9월 23일.

팔레스타인 위임통치령 제25조.

트란스요르단이라고 부르는 영토.

사무총장의 편지.

The Secretary-General has the honour to communicate for the information of the Members of the League, a memorandum relating to Article 25 of the Palestine Mandate presented by the British Government to the Council of the League on September 16th, 1922.

The memorandum was approved by the Council subject to the decision taken at its meeting in London on July 24th, 1922, with regard to the coming into force of the Palestine and Syrian mandates.

영국 대표단의 각서.

1. Article 25 of the Mandate for Palestine provides as follows :— " In the territories lying between the Jordan and the eastern boundary of Palestine as ultimately determined, the Mandatory shall be entitled, with the consent of the Council of the League of Nations, to postpone or withhold application of such provisions of this Mandate as he may consider inapplicable to the existing local conditions, and to make such provision for the administration of the territories as he may consider suitable to those conditions, provided no action shall be taken which is inconsistent with the provisions of Articles 15, 16 and 18."

2. In pursuance of the provisions of this Article, His Majesty's Government invite the Council to pass the following resolution : — "The following provisions of the Mandate for Palestine are not applicable to the territory known as Trans-Jordan, which comprises all territory lying to the east of a line drawn from a point two miles west of the town of Akaba on the Gulf of that name up the centre of the Wady Araba, Dead Sea and River Jordan to its junction with the River Yarmuk; thence up the centre of that river to the Syrian Frontier."

Preamble. — Recitals 2 and 3.

Article 2. — The words "placing the country under such political, administrative and economic conditions as will secure the establishment of the Jewish national home, as laid down in the preamble, and".

Article 4.

Article 6.

Article 7. — The sentence " There shall be included in this law provisions framed so as to facilitate the acquisition of Palestinian citizenship by Jews who take up their permanent residence in Palestine."

Article 11. — The second sentence of the first paragraph and the second paragraph.

Article 13.

Article 14.

Article 22.

Article 23.

In the application of the Mandate to Trans-Jordan, the action which, in Palestine, is taken by the Administration of the latter country, will be taken by the Administration of Trans-Jordan under the general supervision of the Mandatory.

3. His Majesty's Government accept full responsibility as Mandatory for Trans-Jordan, and undertake that such provision as may be made for the administration of that territory in accordance with Article 25 of the Mandate shall be in no way inconsistent with those provisions of the Mandate which are not by this resolution declared inapplicable.